JDepend Analysis

Designed for use with JDepend and Ant.

Summary

[summary] [packages] [cycles] [explanations]

Package	Total Classes	Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Afferent Couplings	Efferent Couplings	Abstractness	Instability	Distance
org.deduced	78	35	43	21	1	0.45	0.05	0.51
org.deduced.analyzer	1	1	0	2	1	1	0.33	0.33
org.deduced.analyzer.implementation	5	1	4	2	3	0.2	0.6	0.2
org.deduced.controller	10	10	0	3	2	1	0.4	0.4
org.deduced.controller.implementation	28	5	23	2	9	0.18	0.82	0
org.deduced.controller.rule	5	1	4	0	1	0.2	1	0.2
org.deduced.controller.typed	6	6	0	3	1	1	0.25	0.25
org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation	6	0	6	1	3	0	0.75	0.25
org.deduced.dynamic	11	1	10	0	8	0.09	1	0.09
org.deduced.filter	12	2	10	1	2	0.17	0.67	0.17
org.deduced.framework	8	1	7	1	18	0.12	0.95	0.07
org.deduced.implementation	21	0	21	11	1	0	0.08	0.92
org.deduced.rule	6	2	4	2	4	0.33	0.67	0
org.deduced.task	2	2	0	5	1	1	0.17	0.17
org.deduced.task.implementation	2	0	2	2	3	0	0.6	0.4
org.deduced.utilities	20	4	16	8	0	0.2	0	0.8
org.deduced.validation	2	1	1	2	5	0.5	0.71	0.21
org.deduced.validation.model	6	6	0	3	1	1	0.25	0.25
org.deduced.validation.model.implementation	6	0	6	1	3	0	0.75	0.25
org.deduced.validation.validator	7	7	0	3	1	1	0.25	0.25
org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation	7	0	7	1	3	0	0.75	0.25
org.deduced.validation.validator.rule	7	1	6	1	2	0.14	0.67	0.19
org.deduced.xml	14	2	12	1	3	0.14	0.75	0.11

Packages

[summary] [packages] [cycles] [explanations]

org.deduced

Afferent Couplings: 21

Efferent Couplings: 1

Abstractness: 0.45

Instability: 0.05

Distance: 0.51

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.AbstractPropertyCollection org.deduced.CollectionTypeInformation org.deduced.DeducedApplicationLayer org.deduced.DeducedControllerLayer org.deduced.DeducedModelLayer org.deduced.DeducedModelLayerExtension org.deduced.DeducedProperty org.deduced.DeducedSchemaLayer org.deduced.DeductionRule org.deduced.DeductionRuleAnalyzer org.deduced.DocumentedCollection org.deduced.EnabledPropertyCollection org.deduced.EnumerationPropertyCollection org.deduced.EnumerationPropertyType org.deduced.FixedPropertyInstanceCollection org.deduced.InstanceReference org.deduced.ModelFactory org.deduced.NameReferenceFinder org.deduced.NamedPropertyCollection org.deduced.Property org.deduced.PropertyChangeEvent org.deduced.PropertyCollection org.deduced.PropertyCollectionListInstance org.deduced.PropertyCollectionType org.deduced.PropertyInstance org.deduced.PropertyListener org.deduced.PropertyPackage org.deduced.PropertyType org.deduced.RuleExecutionContext org.deduced.SchemaAnalyzer org.deduced.SchemaBasedApplicationLayer org.deduced.StaticInstanceReference org.deduced.TypeBasedModelFactory org.deduced.ValidationModel org.deduced.package-info	org.deduced.AbstractPropertyCollection$CheckParent org.deduced.AbstractPropertyCollection$CollectionToDeleteMonitor org.deduced.BasicTypes org.deduced.ChangeType org.deduced.DeducedConstant org.deduced.DeducedUtilities org.deduced.DefaultModelFactory org.deduced.FixedDeducedProperty org.deduced.FixedPropertyInstanceCollection$FixedPropertyListIterator org.deduced.FixedPropertyInstanceCollection$FixedPropertyListValueIterator org.deduced.IdPropertyMap org.deduced.KeyFilteredPropertyListener org.deduced.ListenTargetTracker org.deduced.ModelCreationFailedException org.deduced.NameReferenceFinderImplementation org.deduced.PropertyChangeEventImplementation org.deduced.PropertyCollectionAsKeySet org.deduced.PropertyCollectionAsPropertyEntrySet org.deduced.PropertyCollectionAsPropertyList org.deduced.PropertyCollectionAsPropertyMap org.deduced.PropertyCollectionAsValueList org.deduced.PropertyCollectionAsValueMap org.deduced.PropertyCollectionKeyIterator org.deduced.PropertyCollectionListInstanceHolder org.deduced.PropertyCollectionTypeHolder org.deduced.PropertyImplementation org.deduced.PropertyInstanceHolder org.deduced.PropertyList org.deduced.PropertyMap org.deduced.PropertyMap$PropertyIterator org.deduced.PropertyMap$ValueIterator org.deduced.PropertyMapEntry org.deduced.PropertyMapEntryIterator org.deduced.PropertyPointer org.deduced.PropertyTypeHolder org.deduced.PropertyValueCollectionAsEntrySet org.deduced.PropertyValueCollectionComparator org.deduced.PropertyValueMapEntryIterator org.deduced.RecursiveModelListener org.deduced.Reference org.deduced.ReferenceMap org.deduced.RuleExecutionContextImplementation org.deduced.ValueMapEntry	org.deduced.analyzer org.deduced.analyzer.implementation org.deduced.controller org.deduced.controller.implementation org.deduced.controller.rule org.deduced.controller.typed org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation org.deduced.dynamic org.deduced.filter org.deduced.framework org.deduced.implementation org.deduced.rule org.deduced.task org.deduced.task.implementation org.deduced.validation org.deduced.validation.model org.deduced.validation.model.implementation org.deduced.validation.validator org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation org.deduced.validation.validator.rule org.deduced.xml	org.deduced.utilities

org.deduced.analyzer

Afferent Couplings: 2

Efferent Couplings: 1

Abstractness: 1

Instability: 0.33

Distance: 0.33

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.analyzer.SingleItemListFilter	None	org.deduced.analyzer.implementation org.deduced.framework	org.deduced

org.deduced.analyzer.implementation

Afferent Couplings: 2

Efferent Couplings: 3

Abstractness: 0.2

Instability: 0.6

Distance: 0.2

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.analyzer.implementation.package-info	org.deduced.analyzer.implementation.SchemaAnalyzerBuilder org.deduced.analyzer.implementation.SchemaAnalyzerBuilder$SchemaListener org.deduced.analyzer.implementation.SingleItemListFilterImplementation org.deduced.analyzer.implementation.SingleListItemFilterImpl	org.deduced.controller.implementation org.deduced.framework	org.deduced org.deduced.analyzer org.deduced.implementation

org.deduced.controller

Afferent Couplings: 3

Efferent Couplings: 2

Abstractness: 1

Instability: 0.4

Distance: 0.4

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.controller.ControllerFactory org.deduced.controller.ControllerProvider org.deduced.controller.DeducedControllerLayerExtension org.deduced.controller.DefaultPropertyCollectionControllerModel org.deduced.controller.DefaultPropertyControllerModel org.deduced.controller.PropertyCollectionController org.deduced.controller.PropertyCollectionControllerModel org.deduced.controller.PropertyController org.deduced.controller.PropertyControllerModel org.deduced.controller.package-info	None	org.deduced.controller.implementation org.deduced.dynamic org.deduced.framework	org.deduced org.deduced.task

org.deduced.controller.implementation

Afferent Couplings: 2

Efferent Couplings: 9

Abstractness: 0.18

Instability: 0.82

Distance: 0

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.controller.implementation.AbstractControllerFactory org.deduced.controller.implementation.AbstractPropertyCollectionController org.deduced.controller.implementation.ControllerUtilities$FileNameGenerator org.deduced.controller.implementation.FlyWheelControllerFactory org.deduced.controller.implementation.package-info	org.deduced.controller.implementation.CachedFlyWheelControllerProvider org.deduced.controller.implementation.CachedFlyWheelControllerProvider$PropertyControllerKey org.deduced.controller.implementation.CompileResult org.deduced.controller.implementation.ControllerUtilities org.deduced.controller.implementation.ControllerUtilities$1 org.deduced.controller.implementation.ControllerUtilities$DynamicFileNameGenerator org.deduced.controller.implementation.ControllerUtilities$LocalClassLoader org.deduced.controller.implementation.DeducedControllerLayerExtensionImplementation org.deduced.controller.implementation.DefaultControllerFactory org.deduced.controller.implementation.DefaultPropertyCollectionControllerModelImplementation org.deduced.controller.implementation.DefaultPropertyControllerModelImplementation org.deduced.controller.implementation.DirectControllerProvider org.deduced.controller.implementation.DirectPropertyCollectionController org.deduced.controller.implementation.DirectPropertyController org.deduced.controller.implementation.FlyWheelControllerFactoryImplementation org.deduced.controller.implementation.FlyWheelControllerProvider org.deduced.controller.implementation.FlyWheelPropertyCollectionController org.deduced.controller.implementation.FlyWheelPropertyCollectionControllerList org.deduced.controller.implementation.FlyWheelPropertyController org.deduced.controller.implementation.FlyWheelPropertyControllerList org.deduced.controller.implementation.PropertyCollectionControllerModelImplementation org.deduced.controller.implementation.PropertyControllerModelImplementation org.deduced.controller.implementation.SimplePropertyCollectionController	org.deduced.dynamic org.deduced.framework	org.deduced org.deduced.analyzer.implementation org.deduced.controller org.deduced.implementation org.deduced.rule org.deduced.task org.deduced.task.implementation org.deduced.utilities org.deduced.validation

org.deduced.controller.rule

Afferent Couplings: 0

Efferent Couplings: 1

Abstractness: 0.2

Instability: 1

Distance: 0.2

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.controller.rule.package-info	org.deduced.controller.rule.CollectionIsAddAvailableRule org.deduced.controller.rule.CollectionIsDeleteAvailableRule org.deduced.controller.rule.PropertyIsChangeableRule org.deduced.controller.rule.PropertyIsRemoveableRule	None	org.deduced

org.deduced.controller.typed

Afferent Couplings: 3

Efferent Couplings: 1

Abstractness: 1

Instability: 0.25

Distance: 0.25

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.controller.typed.CollectionTypeControllerPackage org.deduced.controller.typed.TypedCollectionController org.deduced.controller.typed.TypedCollectionListController org.deduced.controller.typed.TypedControllerPackage org.deduced.controller.typed.TypedControllerSchema org.deduced.controller.typed.TypedPropertyController	None	org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation org.deduced.dynamic org.deduced.framework	org.deduced

org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation

Afferent Couplings: 1

Efferent Couplings: 3

Abstractness: 0

Instability: 0.75

Distance: 0.25

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
None	org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation.CollectionTypeControllerPackageImplementation org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation.TypedCollectionControllerImplementation org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation.TypedCollectionListControllerImplementation org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation.TypedControllerPackageImplementation org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation.TypedControllerSchemaImplementation org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation.TypedPropertyControllerImplementation	org.deduced.framework	org.deduced org.deduced.controller.typed org.deduced.implementation

org.deduced.dynamic

Afferent Couplings: 0

Efferent Couplings: 8

Abstractness: 0.09

Instability: 1

Distance: 0.09

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.dynamic.package-info	org.deduced.dynamic.DynamicModelFactory org.deduced.dynamic.DynamicModelFactory$ModelDeleteListener org.deduced.dynamic.DynamicModelFactory$SchemaListener org.deduced.dynamic.DynamicModelFactory$TypeExistenceCheck org.deduced.dynamic.DynamicPropertyList org.deduced.dynamic.DynamicPropertyMap org.deduced.dynamic.DynamicUtilities org.deduced.dynamic.FlyWheelDynamicPropertyCollectionController org.deduced.dynamic.FlyWheelDynamicPropertyController org.deduced.dynamic.FlyWheelTypeBasedControllerFactory	None	org.deduced org.deduced.controller org.deduced.controller.implementation org.deduced.controller.typed org.deduced.framework org.deduced.implementation org.deduced.task org.deduced.utilities

org.deduced.filter

Afferent Couplings: 1

Efferent Couplings: 2

Abstractness: 0.17

Instability: 0.67

Distance: 0.17

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.filter.Filter org.deduced.filter.package-info	org.deduced.filter.AndFilter org.deduced.filter.CompareFilter org.deduced.filter.EqualsFilter org.deduced.filter.FilterEverythingFilter org.deduced.filter.FilterNothingFilter org.deduced.filter.InstanceOfFilter org.deduced.filter.NotFilter org.deduced.filter.OrFilter org.deduced.filter.PropertyLinkedFilter org.deduced.filter.SameFilter	org.deduced.rule	org.deduced org.deduced.utilities

org.deduced.framework

Afferent Couplings: 1

Efferent Couplings: 18

Abstractness: 0.12

Instability: 0.95

Distance: 0.07

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.framework.package-info	org.deduced.framework.BaseSchema org.deduced.framework.ControllerSchema org.deduced.framework.DeducedModelLayerExtensionImplementation org.deduced.framework.DefaultSchema org.deduced.framework.FrameworkLoader org.deduced.framework.RuleDeducedProperty org.deduced.framework.RuleDeducedProperty$ParameterFetcher	org.deduced.dynamic	org.deduced org.deduced.analyzer org.deduced.analyzer.implementation org.deduced.controller org.deduced.controller.implementation org.deduced.controller.typed org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation org.deduced.implementation org.deduced.task org.deduced.task.implementation org.deduced.utilities org.deduced.validation org.deduced.validation.model org.deduced.validation.model.implementation org.deduced.validation.validator org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation org.deduced.validation.validator.rule org.deduced.xml

org.deduced.implementation

Afferent Couplings: 11

Efferent Couplings: 1

Abstractness: 0

Instability: 0.08

Distance: 0.92

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
None	org.deduced.implementation.CollectionTypeInformationImplementation org.deduced.implementation.DeducedApplicationLayerImplementation org.deduced.implementation.DeducedControllerLayerImplementation org.deduced.implementation.DeducedModelLayerImplementation org.deduced.implementation.DeducedSchemaLayerImplementation org.deduced.implementation.DeductionRuleImplementation org.deduced.implementation.DocumentedCollectionImplementation org.deduced.implementation.EnabledPropertyCollectionImplementation org.deduced.implementation.EnumerationPropertyCollectionImplementation org.deduced.implementation.EnumerationPropertyTypeImplementation org.deduced.implementation.InstanceReferenceImplementation org.deduced.implementation.NamedPropertyCollectionImplementation org.deduced.implementation.PropertyCollectionListInstanceImplementation org.deduced.implementation.PropertyCollectionTypeImplementation org.deduced.implementation.PropertyInstanceImplementation org.deduced.implementation.PropertyPackageImplementation org.deduced.implementation.PropertyTypeImplementation org.deduced.implementation.SchemaAnalyzerImplementation org.deduced.implementation.SchemaBasedApplicationLayerImplementation org.deduced.implementation.StaticInstanceReferenceImplementation org.deduced.implementation.ValidationModelImplementation	org.deduced.analyzer.implementation org.deduced.controller.implementation org.deduced.controller.typed.implementation org.deduced.dynamic org.deduced.framework org.deduced.rule org.deduced.task.implementation org.deduced.validation org.deduced.validation.model.implementation org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation org.deduced.xml	org.deduced

org.deduced.rule

Afferent Couplings: 2

Efferent Couplings: 4

Abstractness: 0.33

Instability: 0.67

Distance: 0

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.rule.DeductionRuleLibrary org.deduced.rule.package-info	org.deduced.rule.AlwaysFalseRule org.deduced.rule.AlwaysTrueRule org.deduced.rule.CopyFirstParameterRule org.deduced.rule.DeductionRuleLibrary$CompareResult	org.deduced.controller.implementation org.deduced.validation.validator.rule	org.deduced org.deduced.filter org.deduced.implementation org.deduced.utilities

org.deduced.task

Afferent Couplings: 5

Efferent Couplings: 1

Abstractness: 1

Instability: 0.17

Distance: 0.17

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.task.Task org.deduced.task.TaskMonitor	None	org.deduced.controller org.deduced.controller.implementation org.deduced.dynamic org.deduced.framework org.deduced.task.implementation	org.deduced

org.deduced.task.implementation

Afferent Couplings: 2

Efferent Couplings: 3

Abstractness: 0

Instability: 0.6

Distance: 0.4

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
None	org.deduced.task.implementation.TaskImplementation org.deduced.task.implementation.TaskMonitorImplementation	org.deduced.controller.implementation org.deduced.framework	org.deduced org.deduced.implementation org.deduced.task

org.deduced.utilities

Afferent Couplings: 8

Efferent Couplings: 0

Abstractness: 0.2

Instability: 0

Distance: 0.8

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.utilities.AbstractRunner org.deduced.utilities.Runner org.deduced.utilities.SystemExit org.deduced.utilities.package-info	org.deduced.utilities.AssertUtilities org.deduced.utilities.FileUtilities org.deduced.utilities.HashCodeUtilities org.deduced.utilities.IdentityReferenceMap org.deduced.utilities.IdentityReferenceMap$IdentityReferenceEntry org.deduced.utilities.InvokeNowRunner org.deduced.utilities.LogFormatter org.deduced.utilities.LogUtilities org.deduced.utilities.NewThreadRunner org.deduced.utilities.ObjectUtilities org.deduced.utilities.OnDemandRunner org.deduced.utilities.SwingInvokeAndWaitRunner org.deduced.utilities.SwingInvokeLaterRunner org.deduced.utilities.SystemExitImplementation org.deduced.utilities.WeakList org.deduced.utilities.WeakList$WeakIterator	org.deduced org.deduced.controller.implementation org.deduced.dynamic org.deduced.filter org.deduced.framework org.deduced.rule org.deduced.validation org.deduced.xml	None

org.deduced.validation

Afferent Couplings: 2

Efferent Couplings: 5

Abstractness: 0.5

Instability: 0.71

Distance: 0.21

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.validation.package-info	org.deduced.validation.ValidationUtilities	org.deduced.controller.implementation org.deduced.framework	org.deduced org.deduced.implementation org.deduced.utilities org.deduced.validation.model org.deduced.validation.validator

org.deduced.validation.model

Afferent Couplings: 3

Efferent Couplings: 1

Abstractness: 1

Instability: 0.25

Distance: 0.25

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.validation.model.LinkedValidationModel org.deduced.validation.model.NullableValidationModel org.deduced.validation.model.NumberValidationModel org.deduced.validation.model.StringValidationModel org.deduced.validation.model.TypeCreationValidationModel org.deduced.validation.model.TypeReferenceValidationModel	None	org.deduced.framework org.deduced.validation org.deduced.validation.model.implementation	org.deduced

org.deduced.validation.model.implementation

Afferent Couplings: 1

Efferent Couplings: 3

Abstractness: 0

Instability: 0.75

Distance: 0.25

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
None	org.deduced.validation.model.implementation.LinkedValidationModelImplementation org.deduced.validation.model.implementation.NullableValidationModelImplementation org.deduced.validation.model.implementation.NumberValidationModelImplementation org.deduced.validation.model.implementation.StringValidationModelImplementation org.deduced.validation.model.implementation.TypeCreationValidationModelImplementation org.deduced.validation.model.implementation.TypeReferenceValidationModelImplementation	org.deduced.framework	org.deduced org.deduced.implementation org.deduced.validation.model

org.deduced.validation.validator

Afferent Couplings: 3

Efferent Couplings: 1

Abstractness: 1

Instability: 0.25

Distance: 0.25

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.validation.validator.ErrorMessageBasedValidator org.deduced.validation.validator.NullableValidator org.deduced.validation.validator.NumberValidator org.deduced.validation.validator.StringValidator org.deduced.validation.validator.TypeCreationValidator org.deduced.validation.validator.TypeReferenceValidator org.deduced.validation.validator.Validator	None	org.deduced.framework org.deduced.validation org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation	org.deduced

org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation

Afferent Couplings: 1

Efferent Couplings: 3

Abstractness: 0

Instability: 0.75

Distance: 0.25

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
None	org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation.ErrorMessageBasedValidatorImplementation org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation.NullableValidatorImplementation org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation.NumberValidatorImplementation org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation.StringValidatorImplementation org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation.TypeCreationValidatorImplementation org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation.TypeReferenceValidatorImplementation org.deduced.validation.validator.implementation.ValidatorImplementation	org.deduced.framework	org.deduced org.deduced.implementation org.deduced.validation.validator

org.deduced.validation.validator.rule

Afferent Couplings: 1

Efferent Couplings: 2

Abstractness: 0.14

Instability: 0.67

Distance: 0.19

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.validation.validator.rule.package-info	org.deduced.validation.validator.rule.IsCreateTypeValidRule org.deduced.validation.validator.rule.IsNullableValidRule org.deduced.validation.validator.rule.IsNumberValidRule org.deduced.validation.validator.rule.IsReferenceTypeValidRule org.deduced.validation.validator.rule.IsStringValidRule org.deduced.validation.validator.rule.SetIsValidBasedOnErrorMessageRule	org.deduced.framework	org.deduced org.deduced.rule

org.deduced.xml

Afferent Couplings: 1

Efferent Couplings: 3

Abstractness: 0.14

Instability: 0.75

Distance: 0.11

Abstract Classes	Concrete Classes	Used by Packages	Uses Packages
org.deduced.xml.XmlFileParser org.deduced.xml.package-info	org.deduced.xml.DecodeException org.deduced.xml.DeducedXmlUtilities org.deduced.xml.EncodeException org.deduced.xml.XmlFileParserImplementation org.deduced.xml.XmlModelDecoder org.deduced.xml.XmlModelDecoder$CollectionToElementAssociation org.deduced.xml.XmlModelDecoder$PropertyToElementAssociation org.deduced.xml.XmlModelEncoder org.deduced.xml.XmlModelEncoder$PackageSubObjectList org.deduced.xml.XmlModelEncoder$ReferenceCollection org.deduced.xml.XmlModelEncoder$TypeInstanceList org.deduced.xml.XmlPropertyConstants	org.deduced.framework	org.deduced org.deduced.implementation org.deduced.utilities

Cycles

[summary] [packages] [cycles] [explanations]

There are no cyclic dependancies.

Explanations

[summary] [packages] [cycles] [explanations]

The following explanations are for quick reference and are lifted directly from the original JDepend documentation.

Number of Classes

The number of concrete and abstract classes (and interfaces) in the package is an indicator of the extensibility of the package.

Afferent Couplings

The number of other packages that depend upon classes within the package is an indicator of the package's responsibility.

Efferent Couplings

The number of other packages that the classes in the package depend upon is an indicator of the package's independence.

Abstractness

The ratio of the number of abstract classes (and interfaces) in the analyzed package to the total number of classes in the analyzed package.

The range for this metric is 0 to 1, with A=0 indicating a completely concrete package and A=1 indicating a completely abstract package.

Instability

The ratio of efferent coupling (Ce) to total coupling (Ce / (Ce + Ca)). This metric is an indicator of the package's resilience to change.

The range for this metric is 0 to 1, with I=0 indicating a completely stable package and I=1 indicating a completely instable package.

Distance

The perpendicular distance of a package from the idealized line A + I = 1. This metric is an indicator of the package's balance between abstractness and stability.

A package squarely on the main sequence is optimally balanced with respect to its abstractness and stability. Ideal packages are either completely abstract and stable (x=0, y=1) or completely concrete and instable (x=1, y=0).

The range for this metric is 0 to 1, with D=0 indicating a package that is coincident with the main sequence and D=1 indicating a package that is as far from the main sequence as possible.